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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 18.2

śrī-bhagavān uvāca

kāmyānāḿ karmaṇāḿ nyāsaḿ

sannyāsaḿ kavayo viduḥ

sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaḿ

prāhus tyāgaḿ vicakṣaṇāḥ

Translation

The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: The giving up of activities that are based on material desire is what great learned men call the renounced order of life [sannyasa]. And giving up the results of all activities is what the wise call renunciation [tyaga].

Author Name:-Sri Ramanuja

Purport

Sri Ramanuja

18.2 The Lord said — Some scholars understand that Sannyasa is complete relinquishment of desire-prompted acts. Some other wise men say that the meaning of the term Tyaga, according to the Sastras dealing with release, is relinquishment of the fruits not only of all desiderative (Kamya), but also of obligatory and occasional, duties . Here, the problem is, whether the Tyaga taught in the Sastras concern desiderative acts themselves, or fruits of all acts. Sri Krsna has used the terms Sannyasa in one place and Tyaga elsewhere. From this it is understood that Sri Krsna uses the terms Tyaga and Sannyasa as synonyms. Likewise, the decisive teaching is about Tyaga alone in the statement: ‘Hear My decision, O Arjuna, about Tyaga’ (18.4). That the terms are synonymously used to denote the same sense, is conclusively established from such passages as: ‘But the renunciation (Sannyasa) of obligatory work is not proper. Abandonment (Tyaga) of it through delusion is declared to be Tamasika’ (18.7); and ‘To those who have not renounced the fruits of actions, threefold are the consequences after death — undesirable, desriable and mixed. But to those who have renounced, none whatsoever’ (18.12).

Author Name:-Sri Adi Shankaracharya

Purport

Sri Adi Shankaracharya

18.2 Some kavayah, learned ones; viduh, know; sannyasam, sannyasa, the meaning of the word sannyasa, the non-performance of what comes as a duty; to be the nyasam, giving up; karmanam, of actions; kamyanam, done with a desire for reward, e.g. Horse-sacrifice etc. Sarva-karma-phala-tyagah, abandonment of the results of all actions, means the giving up of the results accruing to oneself from all actions- the daily obligatory and the occasional (nitya and naimittika) that are performed. Vicaksanah, the adepts, the learned ones; prahuh, call, speak of that; as tyagam, tyaga, as the meaning of the word tyaga. Even if ‘the giving up of actions for desired results’ or ‘the abandonment of results’ be the intended meaning, in either case the one meaning of the words sannyasa and tyaga amounts only to tyaga (giving up); they do not imply distinct categories as do the words ‘pot’ and ‘cloth’. Objection: Well, is it not that they say the daily obligatory (nitya) and the occasional (naimittika) rites and duties have no results at all? How is the giving up of their results spoken of-like the abandoning of a son of a barren woman?! Reply: This defect does not desire. It is the intention of the Lord that the nitya-karmas (daily obligatory duties) also have results; for the Lord will say, ‘The threefold results of actions-the undesirable, the desirable and the mixed-accrue after death to those who do not resort to tyaga’, and also, ‘but never to those who resort to sannyasa (monks)’ (12). Indeed, by showing that, it is only in the case of sannyasins (monks) alone that there is no connection with the results of actions, the Lord asserts in, ‘…accrue after death to those who do not resort to tyaga (renunciation)’ (abid.), that the result of daily obligatory (nitya) duties accrue to those who are not sannyasins (monks).

Author Name:-Sri Madhvacharya

Purport

Sri Madhvacharya

Lord Krishna explains that the absence of prescribed Vedic actions which hold even a miniscule residue for rewards is renunciation known as sannyasa or relinquishing of actions. Tyaja is renunciation by abandoning the desire for rewards and not the prescribed actions themselves. Both sannyasa and tyaja are considered renunciation.

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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 18.2

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